How a Down village got its name
The Hill family
The village is named for Sir Moses Hill, an English army officer who turned up in the early 1600s. His descendants — the Hills, later Marquesses of Downshire — owned the place for centuries, built the Castle, paid for the church, laid out the Square. Charles II gave the settlement a borough charter in 1662. The 1st Earl of Hillsborough built St Malachy's between 1760 and 1774. Everything Georgian on the high street is, in some way, a Hill.
The Anglo-Irish Agreement
15 November 1985
Margaret Thatcher and Garret FitzGerald signed the Anglo-Irish Agreement in the State Drawing Room of Hillsborough Castle on a Friday in November 1985. It gave the Dublin government, for the first time, an official consultative role in the North. Ian Paisley led 100,000 unionists onto the streets of Belfast a week later under the banner 'Ulster Says No', and the protest movement camped, on and off, at the Hillsborough gates for years. The plaque inside the State Rooms is small. The argument was not.
1650, and a famous overnight
The Fort and King Billy
Colonel Arthur Hill built the artillery fort behind the church in 1650 to guard the Belfast–Dublin road. Forty years on, William of Orange spent a night here on the march south to the Boyne in 1690. The fort survives — earthworks, a 17th-century gatehouse, a paved walkway through the gun ports — and you can walk through it for nothing on the way into the forest.
Gothic Revival, opened 1773
St Malachy's
The parish church at the bottom of the slope was built by the 1st Earl of Hillsborough between 1760 and 1774 and held its first service on 22 August 1773. It is one of the earliest and best examples of Gothic Revival in Ireland — pinnacles, transepts, an organ the Earl had specially commissioned. The dedication to Malachy of Armagh is older than the building by 600 years; there was a 12th-century church on roughly the same patch.
The newest royal town in the UK
"Royal", 2021
In June 2021 it was announced that Letters Patent would be issued to formally rename the village Royal Hillsborough, in recognition of the Castle's status as the King's official Northern Ireland residence. The patent came into effect on 20 October 2021. It joins Royal Tunbridge Wells, Royal Leamington Spa, Royal Sutton Coldfield and Royal Wootton Bassett — the only towns in the UK with the prefix. Whether anyone in the village actually uses the longer name is a separate question.