Parnell and Avondale
Charles Stewart Parnell was born at Avondale House on 27 June 1846, the son of an Anglo-Irish Protestant landowner. He became, in the 1880s, the most powerful Irish politician of his generation - leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party at Westminster, president of the Land League, the man who drove Gladstone toward a Home Rule bill. The contradiction at the heart of it - a Wicklow landlord organising the largest campaign of tenant resistance in Irish history - played out, in part, on this estate. 'Captain Moonlight' was the pseudonym used in threatening letters sent to landlords during the Land War; the tactic spread across Wicklow and beyond. Parnell's political career ended in 1891 following a divorce case that split the Irish party. He died that October, aged forty-five. Avondale passed through other hands. Coillte turned it into a forestry demonstration site in the twentieth century and then, after a long restoration, reopened the house and built a treetop walkway through the estate in the 2020s.