A disambiguation that matters
Wicklow's Aughrim vs Galway's Aughrim
The Battle of Aughrim on 12 July 1691 - in County Galway - was the decisive battle of the Williamite War in Ireland and killed an estimated 7,000 people. It is one of the most significant events in Irish history. Aughrim in County Wicklow had no battle. Visitors expecting Williamite fortifications and heritage centres should go to County Galway. The Wicklow Aughrim has its own, quieter, 1798 story.
Protestant farmer, rebel commander, transported
Joseph Holt, the Wicklow Chief
Joseph Holt was born in 1756 at Mullinacuff, near Aughrim. A Church of Ireland farmer by background, he joined the United Irishmen and, after the 1798 rising was crushed in Wexford and elsewhere, became the most effective guerrilla commander remaining in the Wicklow mountains. He operated in the hills around Aughrim, Rathdrum and Glenmalure until October 1798, when he negotiated his surrender with the Lord Lieutenant. He was transported to New South Wales in 1799 rather than executed - his Protestantism and his willingness to negotiate saved him. He died in Dublin in 1826; his memoirs, published posthumously in 1838, are a primary source for the south Wicklow rebellion.
The mountains kept the rebellion alive
1798 in south Wicklow
The 1798 United Irishmen rebellion was crushed at Vinegar Hill in Wexford in June of that year. But in the Wicklow mountains, the rising continued for months longer. The terrain - the same terrain that had sheltered Gaelic lords for centuries - made pursuit difficult and reprisals frequent. Prisoners taken in the south Wicklow area were killed by yeomanry during this period, including events near Aughrim. The Military Road, built by the army between 1800 and 1809, was the British response: a hard road through the mountains that denied the rebels their cover.