Built between 1800 and 1809 to flush a rebel out of the mountains
The Military Road
After the failed United Irish Rebellion of 1798, a guerrilla captain named Michael Dwyer withdrew into the Wicklow Mountains with a small band of men and sustained a campaign against Crown forces for five years. The mountains were his advantage: there was no road through them from north to south, and Dwyer and his men knew every path. The British response was to build one. Construction of the Military Road - running from Rathfarnham in south Dublin through Glencree, the Sally Gap, and Laragh to Aghavannagh - began on 12 August 1800 and was completed by 1809. Four barracks were placed along the route, one at Laragh. The road is still the R115 today, one of the most dramatic drives in Ireland. Dwyer surrendered in December 1803, before the road was finished.
Five years in the mountains, and the valley that sheltered him
Michael Dwyer and Glenmalure
Michael Dwyer (1772-1825) was the last significant commander of the 1798 United Irish Rising still in the field after the rebellion was crushed. He used the Wicklow Mountains - and Glenmalure in particular, the deep glacial valley running west from Laragh - as his base for five years of guerrilla resistance. Glenmalure had sheltered rebels before: in the 16th century, the O'Byrne clan used it as the last Gaelic stronghold in Leinster. The British expenditure to catch Dwyer ran to hundreds of thousands of pounds. He eventually accepted surrender terms in December 1803 and was transported to New South Wales rather than hanged, where he later became High Constable of Sydney.
'An Láithreach' - the site, or ruins, of a building
The Irish name
The Irish name for Laragh is An Láithreach, meaning 'the site' or 'the ruins of a building' - an unusually frank placename for a village that now exists primarily to serve a more famous neighbour. The name predates Glendalough's visitor economy by several centuries. Whether the ruins in question were something monastic, something military, or simply something that fell down a long time ago is not recorded.